This meeting was a continuation of the 2024 agenda of promoting dialogue on risk reduction, generously sponsored by the Carnegie Corporation of New York. Twenty international participants discussed the future of NATO-Russia strategic relations, regional missile proliferation, nuclear modernization and avoiding nuclear use. Special sessions were also dedicated to unpacking the risks of deterrence and escalation in the Middle East, as well as the likely sticking points in the NPT agenda as the 2026 Review Conference approaches.