On 6 May 2019 Pugwash convened a roundtable of experts and officials to discuss the non-proliferation landscape in the Middle East in the context of the NPT Review Conference. The discussion, held in the margins of the NPT PrepCom and hosted by the Mission of Brazil to the UN, focused on two central topics: the Weapons of Mass Destruction Free Zone proposal and the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (the ‘Iran nuclear deal’). A key driver was to understand what civil society can do to mitigate the issues from becoming spoilers during the 2020 Review Conference.