On 8 December 2012, Pugwash convened the latest in an ongoing series of consultations which have addressed the Iranian nuclear program in various contexts.[1] The meeting involved 21 participants from eight countries, including current and former senior policy makers and other experts. It was held at the EU Institute of Strategic Studies in Paris, according to traditional Pugwash/Chatham House rules: participants took part in their individual capacities; statements are not attributed to any individual; and distribution of the substance of discussions is encouraged.[2]